|
Aircraft
Parts
and
Terminology
|
|
Wings
Wings are "airfoils" which support the
aircraft in flight. We control
the lift from the wings by using "control surfaces" called ailerons and
flaps.
- Camber - The wing surfaces are curved so that air flowing over
the top surface
of the wing flows faster than air flowing over the bottom surface. We
call this curvature "camber." Because the air flowing over the top
surface is moving faster, there is less air pressure on the top surface
than on the bottom surface of the wing. This pressure difference
between top and bottom is what
supports the aircraft in flight.
- We control the amount of lift provided
by the wing by changing its camber (curvature) with ailerons and flaps.
Ailerons
Ailerons are
moveable
sections near the outer end of each wing which pilots use to roll the
aircraft from side to side.
- The aileron changes the wing's lift by altering the wing's
camber.
- When the aileron moves upward it decreases the camber and the
amount of lift produced by the wing. When the aileron moves downward it
increases the camber and the lift produced by the wing.
- The ailerons are connected together so that they move in opposite
directions. When one aileron moves up, the other always moves down.
Therefore, the lift of one wing is increased while the lift of the
opposite wing is decreased. This makes the aircraft roll, or bank, to
one side.
- The ailerons are controlled with the pilot's control stick by
moving it from side to side.
Flaps
Flaps are moveable sections on each wing which (1) allow the
aircraft to fly more slowly for takeoff and landing or (2) help the
aircraft to descend more steeply without increasing speed.
- Like ailerons, flaps are moveable sections on each wing which are
used to control the lift produced by the wing.
- The biggest difference between ailerons and flaps is that the
flaps on each side of the aircraft move up and down together but the
ailerons move in opposite directions from each other.
- Flaps increase or decrease lift on both wings at the same time
so they do not make the aircaft roll.
- The flaps are controlled with a switch on the instrument panel.
Horizontal
Stabilizer
The horizontal stabilizer keeps the aircraft
in stable flight by putting a downward aerodynamic force on the tail of
the aircraft. The downward force of the horizontal stabilizer is
controlled by
the pilot with the elevator. The picture to the right shows a
horizontal stabilizer on the left with its elevator on the right
pointing up. The section of the elevator pointing down and to the left
is a counter-weight.
Elevator
The elevator is used
to move the nose of the aircraft up
and
down.
- The elevator is a moveable airfoil attached to the horizontal
stabilizer.
- The elevator is controlled with the pilot's control stick by
moving the stick forward and backward.
- In the position shown, this elevator would increase the downward
force of the horizontal stabilizer.
Vertical
Stabilizer
The vertical stabilizer keeps the direction of
flight stable - keeping the nose of the aircraft pointing forward - by
exerting side-to-side forces on the tail (or "empennage") of the
aircraft.
- The side-to-side force of the vertical stabilizer is controlled
by the pilot with the rudder using the foot pedals.
Rudder
The
rudder is used to keep
the aircraft flying straight
through the air without skidding or slipping sideways. The pilot
controls the rudder with foot pedals.
Trim Tabs
The trim tabs are used
to relieve control forces on the
pilot's contol stick.
- The elevator trim tab is a moveable section of the
elevator. There is also an aileron trim tab on the right side
aileron.
- The trim tabs are controlled by electric buttons on top of the
pilot's control stick.
- If the pilot is applying continuous pressure on the control
stick, the trim tabs may be used to put aerodynamic pressure directly
on the control surface. For example, if the pilot is having to
continually put forward pressure on the control stick (to push the nose
of the aircraft downward,) she would momentarily depress the forward
trim button on the control stick to relieve the pressure.

Canopy
The glass window over the pilots is called the "canopy." The canopy of the SportCruiser is hinged at the front for entry and
exit.
Landing Gear
The wheels,
tires, and support structure are called the "landing gear."
- The SportCruiser has a "tricycle" type landing gear.
- The nose/front gear is free-castering. The aircraft direction is
controlled on the ground using the rudder and brakes.
- Each "Main" landing gear (under the wings) has an independent
hydraulic brake which the pilot controls by putting pressure on the
tops of the rudder pedals.